CHARACTERIZATION OF TRITICALE BREEDING LINES UNDER COMPARATIVE FIELD TRIALS WITH DIFFERENT PREDECESSORS

Abstract

Five triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) breeding lines BGR 26787, BGR 26797 (KS 20), BGR 31357 (KS 60), BGR 31373 (TS 78) and BGR 39039 (TS 295) were evaluated in the experimental field of IRGR - Sadovo for four consecutive growing years (2019÷2023) under the conditions of a complex varietal trial. The objective of the study was to comparatively characterize triticale breeding materials under field trial conditions following different predecessors. Grain yield, as a complex index resulting from the overall state of the crop, its parameters and individual productivity components, has been shown to be influenced by the independent and combined action of all factors in the experimental setup. The variants are arranged in the following descending order of yield after different predecessors: after black fallow, after sunflower, after peas. After legume, the variation of yields by agro-meteorological conditions is low and a stronger differentiation of genotypes is observed. The highest yields were obtained in the year (2021) in which conditions favored intensive growth of total biomass during the post-flowering period. The greatest ecological plasticity and competitiveness are shown by the Kolorit variety and the breeding lines TS 295 and KS 60, in which the plants reach a typical height and size of the spikes, and from which the highest grain yields were obtained under conditions of abiotic and biotic stress. The lines most sensitive to the complex of growing conditions were KS20 and BGR 26787, which responded to the stress factors by remaining the least developed, with delayed maturation and the lowest grain yields.