INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE AND YEAR IN COMMON WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) IN SOUTH CENTRAL REGION OF BULGARIA IN CONTRAST METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the variation in yields of common winter wheat (Triticum aesivum L.), which have been breeded in the South central region of Bulgaria. Also to determine the influence of genotype factors and conditions of the year of cultivars was examined. The study period 2016/2017-2017/2018 is characterized by contrasting conditions, with a drought in April. During the first year there are periods of drought, the second year is more rainy but with an uneven distribution of rainfall. The following analyzes were made: the arithmetic mean was calculated, the variational analysis represented by the variance coefficient; accuracy index, maximum and minimum values of seed yield are reported. Analysis of variance of the traits was studied, the power of influence of factors (η) – genotype, year, interaction between them, and influence of the error was calculated. A data homogeneity test was performed to show that they were homogeneous. Common winter wheat cultivars Pobeda, Boryana and Gizda have the lowest variation on repetitions (offspring) during one the test years. Of the six common winter wheat cultivars tested in the comparative estimame of earlear genarations for second year, the cultivar Ginra has the smallest variation in variation by year. It is found that common winter wheat Ginra cultivar is superior in seed yields to the cultivars Pobeda, Nikolai, Boryana, Murgavetz and Gizda with proven differences for the study period. The analysis of the variant shows that the conditions of the year have the largest share in the formation of seed yield during the study period. The effect of the genotype is pronounced but weaker.